Cement-concrete pavement.



IOG. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING R PLASTIC UNITED STATES Cross Reierencr PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH II. AMIES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE THIRD TO CHARLES FREMONT TAYLOR, OF SAME PLACE.

CEMENT-CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 635,221, dated October 17, 1899.

Application filed February 27, 1899. Serial No. 707,052. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. Amns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in. the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Cement-Concrete Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to cement-concrete pavements, floors, roadways, and sidewalks; and its object is to provide anew method of constructing the same by which they shall possess superior advantages with respect to efiiciency in use.

The invention consists in the novel method and the construction hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Before proceeding to describe my invention indetail I would say that a cement-concrete pavement or roadway, if properly constructed, is practicallyindestructible, but owing to the fact that as at present constructed they are laid in blocks with joints or spaces therebetween to allow of contraction in cold weather and expansion in hot weather water is liable to run into these spaces and freeze,

gle sheet the defects inherent in such pave- I ments will be obviated and a durable, elastic, and eilicient pavement be produced.

In carrying my invention into effect I take ordinary h d ulic emeut and sand, ravel, or other light materiaI and thoroughIy mix them and then dampen with water and form a semiplastic mass. I then ta e papeiy sgv; dust, or fibers of any kiud'which are abundant and cheap and thoroughly mix them with mineral matterssuoh, for instance, as iron-fillings-and dampen with water and then incorporate and mix with the cementconcretc. The com position thus produced is now laid-on the roadway, but the cement, gravel, stone, and sandforming the concrete I (Z ,3 do not unite with the paper or other bers, which, being elastic, allow the mass to contract and expand without liability of breaking up or disintegrating. In some instances it is desirable to waterproof the fibers and paper. This I accomplish by mixing therewith a suitable quantity of suitable oils, tars re lues or other viscid materims'w 1c will be absorbed by said fibers and paper. I have also \vaterproofed the pavement by pouring thereon a suitable thin oil-such, for instance, as crude petroleumwhich will readily run in freezing weather. The concrete is still quite wet when this oil is'poured thereon, the result being that the oil will break into very small globules and divide and spread over the wet surface. When the pavement has become dry, these globules reunite,,and a perfect distribution is effected, forming a thin coating on the surface of the pavement,

a portion of the oil being also absorbed by the paper and fiber.

A pavement constructed as described will be elastic, so as to counteract the effects of contraction and expansiomwill be waterproof, thereby promoting its efficiency, and will also be very durable and efficient in use. The pavement being laid in a single sheet, there will be no joints for waterto enter and freeze, as in the ordinary block concrete pavements.

Having thus fullydescribed my invention, what I claim is-- 1. Apavementconsistingofce|neut,gravel, sand, fibers and oil intimately mixed and laid in a continuous sheet on a bed or roadway, substantially as described.

2. The method herein described of making concrete pavements which consists in mixing together cement, graveland sand with water forming a semiplastic mass,then mixing therewith water and fibers and oil and finally laying the pavement'in a. single sheet, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- IIGSSGS.

JOSEPH H. AMIES Witnesses:

II. R. KNEASS, MARY I. BRADLEY Examiner 

